This article directly addresses your need for definitions of research methodology by authors, illustrating them with examples and a comparative table, and answers frequently asked questions.
You’ll also find credible citations to guide your further reading.
Table of Contents
Definitions of Quantitative Research by Authors
Quantitative research is commonly defined as a systematic investigation that primarily collects and analyzes numerical data to understand patterns, relationships, or causality.
On investigating scholarly literature, you’ll notice variations in definitions, but all emphasize objectivity, measurement, and statistical accuracy.
Definition 1: Creswell (2014)
Quantitative research is an approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationship among variables. These variables can be measured, typically on instruments, so that numerical data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.”
Definition 2: Aliaga, M., & Gunderson, B. (2002).
Quantitative research explains phenomena by collecting numerical data that is analyzed using mathematically based methods (in particular statistics).
Definition 3: CDC (2022).
Quantitative research involves the collection of numerical data to explain, predict, and/or control phenomena of interest. CDC. (2022).
Definition 4: Given, L. M. (Ed.). (2008).
Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
These definitions agree on three essential aspects: numerical data, statistical analysis, and systematic investigation.
Examples of Quantitative Research in Practice
To help you grasp these definitions, here are some illustrative examples:
Example 1: Experimental Study (Different Styles)
A researcher wants to test the effectiveness of a new teaching method. They randomly assign students to two groups: one that receives the latest method and the other that gets the traditional method. At the end of the semester, they compare the test scores of the two groups using a t-test.
In this example of experimental quantitative research, the researcher manipulates an independent variable (teaching method) to observe its effect on a dependent variable (test scores).
Example 2: Survey Research (Statistics)
A political pollster surveys a random sample of voters to gauge their support for a particular candidate. They use statistical analysis to estimate the proportion of voters who support the candidate in the entire population.
This is an example of survey research, where data is collected from a sample to make inferences about a larger population. For instance, a survey by the Pew Research Center (2019) found that 68% of Americans get their news from social media.
Example 3: Correlational Study (Case Studies)
In correlational research, the researcher examines the association between two or more variables without manipulating them.
A researcher investigates the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and GPA among college students. They collect data on both variables and calculate a correlation coefficient. A case study by York University (2023) found a strong positive correlation between hours of study and GPA among its undergraduate students.
Another classic quantitative case study is the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the U.S., which collects numerical health data from over 5,000 participants annually to inform public health policies (CDC, 2022).
Table: Definitions of Quantitative Research by Authors
Author(s)
Year
Definition
Creswell
2014
Testing objective theories by examining relationships among variables using numerical data/statistics.
Aliaga & Gunderson
2002
Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data for statistical analysis.
Babbie
2010
Collection of numerical data to explain, predict, or control phenomena.
Given (Editor)
2008
Systematic empirical investigation using statistical/mathematical/computational techniques.
FAQs
How do you write a quantitative research question?
A quantitative research question should be clear, specific, and measurable. It should identify the variables of interest and the relationship you want to investigate. For example, “What is the relationship between hours of study and GPA among college students?”
What are the key characteristics of quantitative research?
Key characteristics include a focus on numerical data, statistical analysis, objectivity, hypothesis testing, and the ability to generalize findings.
What are the common methods used in quantitative research?
Surveys, experiments, observational studies, and secondary data analysis are among the most popular quantitative methods.
Can you combine qualitative and quantitative research?
Yes, mixed-methods research integrates both approaches to capitalize on their strengths and provide comprehensive insights.
Conclusion
Understanding the definition of quantitative research by authors gives you a strong foundation for academic inquiry. Renowned scholars such as Creswell, Aliaga & Gunderson, as well as Babbie, stress the systematic collection and analysis of numerical data through statistical means.
As you apply these definitions, remember that quantitative research is about more than numbers—it’s about generating reliable, objective knowledge that advances your field.
For robust results, always ensure your research design aligns with the best practices outlined by these leading authors.
References
Aliaga, M., & Gunderson, B. (2002). Interactive Statistics. Prentice Hall.
Babbie, E. (2010). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage.
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